Control of Genes

Control of Genes


Even simple organisms such as bacteria have as many as 3000 genes, producing protein products such as enzymes, cell wall components, building proteins, ribosomal proteins and many others. During a typical cell cycle a bacterial cell may have to make energy releasing proteins all the time, DNA synthesis proteins only during DNA replication, sugar digesting enzymes when it encounters sugar in its environment, and cell wall proteins only when it is about to grow and enlarge. Different proteins are needed at different times, some constantly but many only at specialized moments in the life of the bacterial cell. It would be both wastefull and inefficient to make all proteins continuously. The cell, therefore, needs some method of controling when and where these many different proteins are made

Bacterial Genes

Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod were the first scientists to successfuly investigate how cells control the production of proteins. They used bacteria (because of their simplicity) and developed a model of how these types of cells regulate their genes in response to changes in their environment. Bacteria are opportunists and respond quickly to new sources of food or the presence of dangerous chemicals. Their method of genetic regulation allows them to adapt very rapidly to to what is going on around them.

Jacob and Monod studied how bacteria respond to the sudden appearance of a sugar (called Lactose) in their growth medium. To digest this sugar the cells must make an enzyme called Beta-galactosidease. Since Lacatose sugar is rare, and not always available, it would be wasteful to make this specialized enzyme when it was not needed, so most bacterial cells do not make it until needed.


These scientists discovered that the sudden appearance of Lactose sugar cause the bacterial cells to turn on transcription (making mRNA) of the gene for the enzyme. This type of control of a gene is called transcriptional control, and turned out to be one of the major ways all cells control their genes and the production of proteins.

Enrique Iglesias - Just Wanna Be With You Lyrics

Monday night, and I feel so low,


I count the hours, but they go so slow.

I know the sound of your voice, can save my soul.

City lights, the streets are gold.

Looked down my window to the world below.

Move so fast, but it feels so cold

And I am all alone,

Don’t let me die, I’m losing my mind,

Baby, just give me a sign.



And now that you’re gone,

I just wanna be with you.

(Be with you)

And I can’t go on, I wanna be with you.

Wanna be with you..



I can’t sleep, I’m up all night.

Through these tears, I try to smile.

I know, the touch of your hand, can save my life.

But don’t let me down, come to me now,

I got to be with you some how.



And now that you’re gone,

I just wanna be with you.

(Be with you)

And I can’t go on, I wanna be with you.

(Be with you)

Wanna be with you.



Don’t let me down,

Come to me now.

I got to be with you some how.

And now that you’re gone,

Who am I without you now?



I can’t go on, I just wanna be with you.

And now that you’re gone,

I just wanna be with you.

(Be with you)

And I can’t go on,

I wanna be with you..

(Be with you)

Wanna be with you..



(Now that you’re gone)

Just wanna be with you..

And I can’t go on,

I wanna be with you.

Oh..

Just wanna be with you, just wanna be with you. (Fade)

Enrique Iglesias - Do You Know (Ping Pong Song) lyrics

Enrique Iglesias - Do You Know (Ping Pong Song) lyrics

Do You Know (Ping Pong Song)




DO YOU KNOW



Do you know?

Do you know?



Do you know what it feels like loving someone that's in a rush to throw you away?

Do you know, do you know, do you know, do ya?

Do you know what it feels like to be the last one to know the lock on the door has changed?



If birds flying south is a sign of changes

At least you can predict this every year

Love, you never know the minute it ends suddenly

I can't get it to speak

Maybe if I knew all the things it took to save us

I could fix the pain that bleeds inside of me

Look in your eyes to see something about me

I'm standing on the edge and I don't know what else to give.



Do you know what it feels like loving someone that's in a rush to throw you away?

Do you know, do you know, do you know, do ya?

Do you know what it feels like to be the last one to know the lock on the door has changed?



How can I love you?

How can I love you?

How can I love you?

How can I love you?

If you just don't talk to me, babe.



I flow through my act

There's a question: Is she needed?

And decide all the man I can ever be.

Looking at the last 3 years like I did

I could never see us ending like this.



(Do you know?)



Seeing your face no more on my pillow

Is a scene that's never ever happened to me.



(Do you know?)



But after this episode I don't see

You could never tell the next thing life could be



Do you know what it feels like loving someone that's in a rush to throw you away?

Do you know, do you know, do you know, do ya?

Do you know what it feels like to be the last one to know the lock on the door has changed?



Do you know what it feels like loving someone that's in a rush to throw you away?

Do you know, do you know, do you know, do ya?

Do you know what it feels like to be the last one to know the lock on the door has changed?



(Do you know?)

(Do you know?)

(Do you know?)

(Do you know?)



Do you know what it feels like loving someone that's in a rush to throw you away?

Do you know, do you know, do you know, do ya?

Do you know what it feels like to be the last one to know the lock on the door has changed?



Do you know what it feels like loving someone that's in a rush to throw you away?

(Do you know how it feels?)

Do you know what it feels like to be the last one to know the lock on the door has changed?

(Do you know how it feels?)



(Do you know? Do you know? Do you know? Do you?)

(Do you know? Do you know? Do you know? Do you?)

Enrique Iglesias - Tired Of Being Sorry lyrics

Enrique Iglesias - Tired Of Being Sorry lyrics


Tired Of Being Sorry




I don't know why

You want to follow me tonight

When in the rest of the world

With you whom I've crossed and I've quarreled

Let's me down so

For a thousand reasons that I know

To share forever the unrest

With all the demons I possess

Beneath the silver moon



Maybe you were right

But baby I was lonely

I don't want to fight

I'm tired of being sorry



Chandler and Van Nuys

With all the vampires and their brides

We're all bloodless and blind

And longing for a life

Beyond the silver moon



Maybe you were right

But baby I was lonely

I don't want to fight

I'm tired of being sorry

I'm standing in the street



Crying out for you

No one sees me

But the silver moon



So far away – so outer space

I've trashed myself – I've lost my way

I've got to get to you got to get to you



Maybe you were right

But baby I was lonely

I don't want to fight

I'm tired of being sorry

I'm standing in the street

Crying out for you

No one sees me

But the silver moon

(lalalala till end)

Maybe you were right

But baby I was lonely

I don't want to fight

I'm tired of being sorry

I'm standing in the street

Crying out for you

No one sees me

But the silver moon

Gene Regulation

Gene Regulation

The Operon

The Operon

 

Four regions of DNA control the production of a protein such as the enzyme Beta-galactosidease;

 

•        a structural gene that holds the codons for the amino acid sequence found in the enzyme.
•        an operator region right in front of the structural gene.
•        a promotor region where the RNA making enzyme will bind to the DNA.
•        a regulator gene which has a role in controling the transcription from the structural gene.

 

The combined region of the operator and structural gene is called an operon.

Summary :

Many genes are ....


... normally blocked by the action of a repressor protein. This prevents the RNA polymerase enzyme from binding to the gene and transcribing the structural gene. Such genes are induced by the arrival of an inducer molecule which binds to the repressor protein and rendering it inactive. This allows transcription from the structural gene and the production of a protein.

Other genes are normally active and able to be constantly transcribed, because the repressor protein is produced in an inactive form. On the arrival and binding of the corepressor molecule the complex can act as a functional repressor and block the structural gene by binding at the operator site.

These genes are therefore either inducible or repressible.



 

Enrique Iglesias - Addicted Lyrics

Enrique Iglesias - Addicted Lyrics

Have I told you how good it feels to be me,

when I'm in you?

I can only stay clean

when you are around.

Don't let me fall.

If I close my eyes forever,

would it ease the pain?

Could I breathe again?



[Chorus:]

Maybe I'm addicted,

I'm out of control,

but you're the drug

that keeps me from dying.

Maybe I'm a liar,

but all I really know is

you're the only reason I'm trying.



I am wasted away,

I made a million mistakes.

Am I too late?

There is a storm in my head;

it rains on my bed

when you are not here.

I'm not afraid of dying,

but I am afraid of losing you.



[Chorus:]

Maybe I'm addicted,

I'm out of control,

but you're the drug

that keeps me from dying.

Maybe I'm a liar,

but all I really know is

you're the only reason I'm trying.



When you're lying next to me

love is going through to me.

Oh it's beautiful.

Everything is clear to me

'till I hit reality

and I lose it all...

I lose it all...

I lose it all.

I lose it all...

Nah nah nah

nah nah nah....

Nah nah nah nah nah nah.....

nah nah nah nah nah nah....



You're the only reason,

Yeah, you're the only reason I'm trying,

Oh, I'm trying, I'm trying, I'm trying,

Don't want to lose it all,

Don't want to lose it all,

I'm trying, I'm trying..

I'm trying ...

Yeah, you know I'm addicted,

You know I'm addicted,

Yeah, you know I'm addicted....

Enrique Iglesias - Push lyrics

Enrique Iglesias - Push lyrics

(Lil' Wayne)

Fly boy yeah right

Hey mamma they call me Wheezy

You should be with me I gotta pocket full of reasons

Baby I can bless you when you ain’t even sneezing

I be at your rescue when you don’t even need me

I can have you dreaming when you even sleeping

Mamma I can help you get off like the weekend

You said what you wanna do it to the new Enrique

I put this in and put the song on replay

And then she backed it up like


(Enrique)

When you need it

Girl I try to hide it

But I can’t escape it oh baby

Please forgive me

When I think of you my thoughts are so x-rated oh baby



Baby I don’t give a damn

I know that you don't romance no one insight oh oh

And your eyes don’t tell a lie

I know you wanna come with me tonight

And I’ll see you right

But first you gotta


Push push back upon it (girl)

Make me believe you want it

Push push back upon it (girl)

Know I can't go on longing

Push push back upon it (girl)

Go ahead lay it on it (Don't stop)

Don’t stop until the morning (girl)

Just keep pushing back on it


Do you want me (You know it)

Do you need me (You know it)

Will you please me (You know it)

Will you tease me (You know it)


Baby I,

I’m the kinda guy that don’t get real excited (oh baby)

When you have,

When you have you’re private party I hope that I’m invited (oh baby)


Baby I don’t give a damn

I know you not romancing no one insight whoa (what your man gotta do with me, tell me)

And your eyes don’t tell a lie

I know you wanna come with me tonight

And I'll see you right

But first you gotta


Push push back upon it (girl)

Make me believe you want it

Push push back upon it (girl)

Girl I can't go on longing

Push push back upon it (girl)

Go ahead lay it on it (Don't stop)

Don’t stop until the morning (girl)

Just keep pushing back on it


(Lil' Wayne)

Now after you back it up just stop

Now drop it like its hot, and pop it like a glock

And stop it like a watch, now move it like

Clockwork

Your body screaming and your booty is an outburst

She wanna do it do it with no delay

I told her I can run it run it just like relay

'cause I’m cool, just like the breeze way

Now push it like salt and PE-PE-PE-A


(Enrique)

Push push back upon it (girl)

Make me believe you want it

Push push back upon it (girl)

Girl I can't go on longing

Push push back upon it (girl)

Go ahead lay it on it (Don't stop)

Don’t stop until the morning (girl)

Just keep pushing back on it



Push push back upon it (girl)

Make me believe you want it

Push push back upon it (girl)

Girl I can't go on longing

Push push back upon it (girl)

Go ahead lay it on it (Don't stop)

Don’t stop until the morning (girl)

Just keep pushing back on it



Push push (girl) (Mr Morales)

Push push (girl)

Push push (girl)

Push push

Enrique Iglesias - Can You Hear Me Lyrics

Enrique Iglesias - Can You Hear Me Lyrics

Can You Hear Me!

I remember that I can still feel you

Sometimes I’m blind but I see you

You are here but so far away


The times when you wanna.. Im missing you

Makes me feel like I’m spinning

Sometimes you get what you gain


I’m on a coaster-collision

Am not about to give in

Can’t explain my position or the condition that I’m in.



Where I am is no limit, no walls, no ceilings

No intermission, so let

Let the party begin.



(Chorus)

Hey.. Hey.. Hey all the way

DJ let it play.

Hey Hey Can You Hear Me?

Oooow



Hey.. Hey.. Hey all the way

DJ let it play.

Hey Hey Can You Hear Me?

Oooow

Can You Hear Me? Can You Hear Me? Can You Hear Me? Can You Hear Me?

Oooow



Don’t you mean that you’re my vision

I gotta make a decision

Do I go, do I stay? (Stay)



You’ve gotten into my system

You are in control of my mental

I need to mean for a stay (???)



I’m on a coaster-collision

Am not about to give in

Can’t explain my position or the condition that I’m in.



Where I am is no limit, no walls, no ceilings

No intermission, so let

Let the party begin


(Chorus)

Hey.. Hey.. Hey all the way

DJ let it play.

Hey Hey Can You Hear Me?

Oooow



Hey.. Hey.. Hey all the way

DJ let it play.

Hey Hey Can You Hear Me?

Oooow

Oooow Oooow Oooow Oooow Oooow Oooow

Can You Hear Me? Can You Hear Me? Can You Hear Me? Can You Hear Me? Can You Hear Me?



Hey.. Hey.. Hey all the way

DJ let it play.

Hey Hey Can You Hear Me?

Can You Hear Me?

( repeat 5x )


Lil Wayne:

Enrique, Yea I can

This is Mr Morales


Kiss Roos

Enrique Iglesias - Ring My Bells lyrics

Enrique Iglesias - Ring My Bells lyrics

Ring My Bells

Piano Intro



Ring my bell, ring my bells

Ring my bell, ring my bells

Ring my bell, ring my bells

Ring my bell, ring my bells



Sometimes you love it

Sometimes you don't

Sometimes you need it then you don't and you let go

Sometimes we rush it

Sometimes we fall

It doesn't matter baby we can take it real slow



Coz the way that we touch is something that we can't deny

And the way that you move oh you make me feel alive

Come on

Ring my bell, ring my bells

Ring my bell, ring my bells



You try to hide it

I know you do

When all you really want is me to come and get you



You're moving closer

I feel you breathe

It's like the world just disappears when you are around me oh

Coz the way that we touch is something that we can't deny oh yeah

And the way that you move oh you make me feel alive

so come on



Ring my bell, ring my bells

Ring my bell, ring my bells

Ring my bell, ring my bells

Ring my bell, ring my bells



I Say you want, I say you need

I can tell by your face you love the way it turns me on

I say you want, I say you need

I will do what it takes and I would never do you wrong

Coz the way that we love is something that we can't fight oh no

I just can't get enough oh you make me feel alive

So come on

Ring my bell, ring my bells

Ring my bell, ring my bells

I say you want, I say you need

I can tell by the way on the look on you're face i turn you on

I say you want, I say you need

if you have what it takes, we don't have to wait... let's get it on


Get it on!

Uhhh


Ring my bell, ring my bells

Ram Prasad Bismil

Ramprasad Bismil was one of the great Indian freedom fighters, who also participated in the Kakori train robbery. He was also a great poet and has written several inspiring verses. He was prosecuted by the British Government in India. Ramaprasad Bismil joined the select band of martyrs who dreamt of a free India and made the supreme sacrifice, so that the dream might come true. Bismil, along with stalwarts like Ashfaqulla Khan, Chandrasekhar Azad, Bhagawati Charan, Rajguru and others organised several upheavals against the British. They printed literature, provided shelter to revolutionaries, made hand bombs and were a constant source of headache to the British Government. Most famous of them are best rememberd for the Kakori train robbery and the bombing of the Punjab assembly.
'Bismil' is the penname of Ramaprasad. As 'Bismil' he is well known as a great revolutionary poet in Hindi. At the end of his autobiography, he has reproduced some selected poems. Every line of his poems throbs with patriotic fervour.
In one poem he prays: "Even if I have to face death a thousand times for the sake of my Motherland, I shall not be sorry. Oh Lord! Grant me a hundred births in Bharath. But grant me this, too, that each time I may give up my life in the service of the Mother land."
In a poem written just before going to the gallows, he prays: "Oh Lord! Thy will be done. You are unique. Neither my tears nor I will endure. Grant me this boon, that to my last breath and the last drop of my blood, I may think of you and be immersed in your work."
Ram prasad Bismil was a brave revolutionary who gave up his life smilingly for the sake of the Motherland. He was persecuted by an enraged foreign government, hunted by the police and betrayed by follow workers. And yet he lit the fire of revolution to burn down the slavery. He was the brave leader of the Kakori Rail Dacoity episode. His poetry is also a lamp lighted at the altar of the Mother land. Kakori is a village near Lucknow. It became famous, because the attack on the train took place near by..
.It was the evening of the 9th of August 1925; the number eight down train was passing near Kakori. Ram prasad and his nine revolutionary followers pulled the chain and stopped it. They looted the money belonging to the government, deposited in the Guard's carriage. Excepting that one passenger was killed by an accidental shot, there was no bloodshed.
This extremely well planned dacoity jolted the government. After a month of detailed preliminary inquiries and elaborate preparations the government cast its net wide for the revolutionaries. Arrest warrants were issued not only against the ten participants but also against other leaders of the Hindusthan Republican Association. With the lone exception of Chandrashekhar Azad, all participants were caught.
The case went on for over a year and a half, Ram prasad, Ashfaqullah Roshan Singh and Rajendra Lahiri all four were sentenced to death, A strong campaign was organized throughout India to save the lives of these revolutionary heroes. All the leaders of public life appealed to the British Government to show mercy to the condemned men. But the Government was unyielding.
It was the 18th of December 1927. A middle-aged lady was waiting at the main gates of the Gorakhpur Central Jail. Her face was radiant but anxiety was writ large on it. She was eagerly waiting to be called into the prison.
By that time her husband also arrived there. He was surprised that his wife was there before him. He also sat down to wait for the call.
Another young man came there. He was not related to them. He knew that the couple would be permitted to enter the prison.But how could he manage to enter? This was his problem.
The officials of the prison called in the husband and the wife. The young man followed them. The guard stopped him and rudely asked, "Who are you?"
"Permit him also, brother. He is my sister's son", the lady said in an entreating voice. The guard relented.
All the three entered the prison to visit a freedom fighter that was to face his death on the morrow. The freedom fighter was brought there in chains. They were like ornaments on him. This was the last time that he could see his mother, the last time he could address her as 'Mother'. At this thought grief welled up in him. He stood speechless and tears rolled down his cheeks.
In a firm voice the mother said, 'What is this, my son? I had thought of my son as a great hero. I was thinking that the British Government would shiver at the very mention of his name. I never thought that my son would be afraid of death. If you can die only in this way, weeping, why did you take up such activities?"
The officials were astounded at the firmness of the mother. The freedom fighter replied, "Mother dear, these are not tears of fear - the fear of death. These are tears of joy - joy at beholding so brave as mother!"
The brave son of that brave mother was Ramaprasad Bismil. He was the leader of the famous Kakori Rail Dacoity case.
The last meeting ended.
Next morning Ramaprasad got up earlier than usual, bathed and said his morning prayers. He wrote his last letter to his mother. Then he sat down with a calm mind awaiting his death.
The officials came and removed his chains. They took him from the prison cell-towards his death.
He was completely untroubled and walked like a hero. The officials were amazed. As he moved to the gallows he joyfully chanted Vande Matharam' and 'Bharath Matha ki Jai'. At the top of his voice he shouted down with the British Empire." Then he calmly recited prayers like 'Vishwani deva savithaha dunithani.... And embraced death.
As he was being executed, there was a strong guard around the prison. When he was dead the officials brought out the dead body. Not only his parents but also hundreds of his countrymen were waiting in tears.The people of Gorakhpur deco rated the body of the brave son of Bharath as befitted a hero and carried it in a procession. Flowers were showered on the body, and the last rites were performed.
Ramaprasad Bismil joined the select band of martyrs who dreamt of a free India and made the supreme sacrifice, so that the dream might come true.